Development characteristics and controlling factors of coseismic geohazards triggered by the Luding MS6.8 earthquake occurred on September 5，2022
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摘要: 基于2022年9月5日泸定MS6.8地震的野外调查，结合遥感解译结果，总结了泸定地震同震地质灾害的发育特征和主控因素，研判了同震地质灾害的演化趋势，并针对同震地质灾害防灾减灾的不同阶段给出了相应的建议。结果显示：泸定地震同震地质灾害整体以小−中型崩塌、滑坡为主，集中分布在磨西镇和海螺沟、得妥镇湾东村、得妥镇大渡河沿岸三个区域；主震和余震、鲜水河活动断裂、地形地貌、特殊岩土体是泸定地震同震崩滑空间分布的主控因素；泸定地震震后地质灾害在未来十年内会极为活跃，需要密切关注磨西河和支沟、大渡河河谷两侧的高陡岸坡、大渡河高阶地、磨西台地边缘区域以及磨西镇、得妥镇同震崩滑密集发育的泥石流沟谷。根据同震地质灾害应急防范的管理逻辑，建议地方政府按照过渡性安置详查阶段、恢复重建阶段、长远规划阶段三个阶段来针对性地开展地质灾害的防灾减灾工作。Abstract: Based on the field investigation of the Luding MS6.8 earthquake occurred on September 5, 2022, combined with the remote sensing interpretation, the development characteristics and controlling factors of coseismic geohazards triggered by the Luding earthquake are summarized, and the evolution trend of coseismic geohazards is studied and judged. According to the different phases of prevention and mitigation of coseismic geohazards, corresponding suggestions are given in order to benefit the prevention and control of geohazards. The results show that the coseismic geohazards of the Luding earthquake are mainly small-medium-sized collapses and landslides, which are concentratedly distributed in three areas: Moxi town and Hailuogou valley, Wandong village of Detuo town and both banks of Daduhe river in Detuo town. Mainshock and aftershocks, Xianshuihe active fault, topography, special rock and sediment mass are the main controlling factors for spatial distribution of coseismic landslides triggered by the Luding earthquake. The geohazards after Luding earthquake will be extremely active in the next 10 years. It is necessary to pay close attention to the high-locality and steep slopes on both banks of the Moxihe river and its tributaries, the Daduhe river, the high-locality terrace along the Daduhe river, the edge area around the Moxi platform, and the debris flows in Moxi town and Detuo town where coseismic landslides are densely developed. Therefore, according to the management logic of emergency prevention of coseismic geohazards, it is suggested that local governments should follow the three phases of detailed investigation, restoration and reconstruction, and long-term planning to carry out geohazard prevention and mitigation work.
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图 1 2022年9月5日四川泸定地震区域构造图
Figure 1. Tectonic settings of Luding earthquake occurred on September 5，2022
图 2 2022年9月5日四川泸定地震同震地质灾害分布图
Figure 2. Distribution of coseismic landslides triggered by Luding earthquake
图 3 （a） 磨西台地典型冰水堆积物崩塌；（b） 海螺沟景区内的高位崩塌
Figure 3. （a） Collapse occurred in glaciofluvial sediment around Moxi platform；（b） High-locality collapse occurred in Hailuogou valley
图 4 （a） 湾东村区域大沟内的同震崩滑；（b） 湾东村村委会周边同震崩滑的面状特征
Figure 4. （a） Collapse occurred in Dagou valley of Wandong village；（b） Polygon shape feature of landslides around Wandong Village Committee
图 5 （a） 得妥镇大渡河大桥上游的同震崩滑；（b） 磨岗岭滑坡后缘变形特征
Figure 5. （a） Landslides occurred in the upstream of Daduhe river bridge；（b） Deformation feature at backedge of Mogangling landslide
图 6 磨西镇—田湾乡鲜水河断裂沿线同震崩滑与断裂、地震的位置关系
Figure 6. The spatial relationship between coseismic landslides and fault，earthquakes along Moxi-Tianwan segment of Xianshuihe fault
图 7 同震崩滑距离发震断裂的空间分布规律
Figure 7. The spatial distribution law between co-seismic landslides and the seismogenic fault
图 8 震区特殊岩土体中的同震崩塌和滑坡
（a） 燕子沟景区公路沿线的冰水堆积崩塌；（b） 海螺沟景区公路沿线坡积碎石土中形成的滑坡；（c） 大渡河沿岸S211公路云母片岩中的顺向坡滑坡；（d） 燕子沟景区公路北侧斜坡花岗岩中的崩塌
Figure 8. Co-seismic landslides occurred in special rock and sediment mass
（a） Collapse occurred in glaciofluvial sediment along road in Yanzigou valley；（b） Landslide occurred in gravel soil along road in Hailuogou valley；（c） Consequent landslide occurred in mica slate along S211 road along Daduhe river； （d） Rockfall occurred in granite along road in Yanzigou valley
表 1 历史地震震后地质灾害活跃期统计
Table 1. Statistics of active period of geohazard after historical earthquakes
地震 MS 震后地质灾害活跃期/a 1923年日本关东地震 7.9 15 1999年台湾集集地震 7.6 5 2005年巴基斯坦克什米尔地震 7.6 5 2008年汶川地震 8.0 20 2013年芦山地震 7.0 10 
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