Development characteristics and controlling factors of co-seismic geo-hazards triggered by the Luding MS6.8 earthquake occurred on September 5, 2022
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摘要: 本文基于对2022年9月5日泸定MS6.8地震的野外调查，结合遥感解译结果，总结了泸定地震同震地质灾害的发育特征和主控因素，研判了同震地质灾害的演化趋势，并针对同震地震灾害防灾减灾的不同阶段给出了相应的建议，结果表明：泸定地震同震地质灾害整体以小-中型的崩塌、滑坡为主，集中分布在磨西镇及海螺沟、得妥镇湾东村、得妥镇大渡河沿岸三个区域；主震及余震、鲜水河活动断裂、地形地貌、特殊岩土体是控制泸定地震同震崩滑空间分布的的主控因素；泸定地震震后地质灾害在未来10年内会极为活跃。需要密切关注磨西河及支沟、大渡河河谷两侧的高陡岸坡，大渡河高阶地、磨西台地边缘区域，以及磨西镇、得妥镇同震崩滑密集发育的泥石流沟谷；根据同震地质灾害应急防范的管理逻辑，建议地方政府应按照过渡性安置详查阶段、恢复重建阶段、长远规划阶段三个阶段来针对性的开展地质灾害的防灾减灾工作。Abstract: Based on the field investigation of the Luding earthquake （MS6.8） occurred on September 5, 2022, combined with the remote sensing interpretation, the development characteristics and controlling factors of co-seismic geo-hazards triggered by the Luding earthquake are summarized, and the evolution trend of co-seismic geo-hazards is studied and judged. According to the different phases of prevention and mitigation of co-seismic geo-hazards, corresponding suggestions are given in order to benefit the prevention and control of geo-hazards. The results show that the co-seismic geo-hazards of the Luding earthquake are mainly small-medium-sized collapses and landslides, which are concentrated in three areas: Moxi town and Hailuo gully, Wandong village of Detuo town and both banks of Dadu River in Detuo town. Mainshock and aftershocks, Xianshuihe active fault, topography, special rock and sediment mass are the main controlling factors of spatial distribution of co-seismic landslides triggered by the Luding earthquake. The geo-hazards after Luding earthquake will be extremely active in the next 10 years. It is necessary to pay close attention on the high-locality and steep slopes on both banks of the Moxi River and its tributaries, the Dadu River, the high-locality terrace along the Dadu River, the edge area around the Moxi platform, and the debris flows in Moxi town and Detuo town where co-seismic landslides are densely developed ; According to the management logic of emergency prevention of co-seismic geo-hazards, it is suggested that local governments should follow the three phases of detailed investigation, restoration and reconstruction, and long-term planning.
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图 1 2022年9月5日四川泸定地震区域构造位置图
Figure 1. Tectonic location of Luding earthquake occurred on September 5，2022
图 2 2022年9月5日四川泸定地震同震地质灾害分布图
Figure 2. Distribution of co-seismic landslides triggered by Luding earthquake
图 3 磨西镇及海螺沟区域典型地质灾害发育特征
（a） 磨西台地典型冰水堆积物崩塌（29°38′22.74″N，102°7′31.85″E，镜向N）；（b） 海螺沟景区内的高位崩塌（29°36′54.37″N，102°4′39.44″E，镜向NE）
Figure 3. Characteristics of typical geo-hazards in Moxi town and Hailuo gully
（a）- Collapse occurred in glaciofluvial sediment around Moxi platform （29°38′22.74″N，102°7′31.85″E， photo direction N）；（b）- High-locality collapse occurred in Hailuo gully （29°36′54.37″N，102°4′39.44″E ，photo direction NE）
图 4 湾东村区域典型地质灾害发育特征
（a） 湾东村区域大沟内的同震崩滑（29°32′2.06″N，102°8′29.25″E，镜向S）；（b）-湾东村村委会周边同震崩滑的面状特征（29°32′3.61″N，102°8′19.79″E，镜像SW）
Figure 4. Characteristics of typical geo-hazards in Wandong village
（a）- Collapse occurred in Da gully of Wandong village （29°32′2.06″N，，102°8′29.25″E，photo direction S）；（b）- Polygon shape feature of landslides around Wandong village committee （29°32′3.61″N，102°8′19.79″E， photo direction SW）
图 5 得妥镇大渡河两岸典型地质灾害发育特征
（a） 得妥镇大渡河大桥上游的同震崩滑（29°32′40.38″N，102°9′44.10″E，镜向NW）；（b）- 磨岗岭滑坡后缘变形特征（29°37′35.00″N，102°9′0.38″E，镜像N）
Figure 5. Characteristics of typical geo-hazards along Detuo segment of Dadu River
（a）- Landslides occurred in the upstream of Dadu River bridge of S211 road （29°38′22.74″N，102°9′44.10″E，photo direction NW）；（b）- Deformation feature of Mogangling landslide （29°37′35.00″N，102°9′0.38″E，photo direction N）
图 6 磨西镇-田湾乡鲜水河断裂沿线同震崩滑与断裂、地震的位置关系（同震崩滑基于遥感解译）
Figure 6. The spatial relationship between co-seismic landslides and fault/earthquakes along Moxi-Tianwan segment of Xianshuihe fault
图 7 同震崩滑距离发震断裂的空间分布规律
Figure 7. The spatial distribution law between co-seismic landslides and the seismogenic fault
图 8 震区特殊岩土体中的同震崩塌、滑坡
（a） 燕子沟景区公路沿线的冰水堆积崩塌（29°42′9.84″N， 102°1′11.29″E，镜向S）；（b） 海螺沟景区公路沿线坡积碎石土中形成的滑坡（29°36′17.65″N， 102°4′44.21″E，镜向NE）；（c） 大渡河沿岸S211公路云母片岩中的顺向坡滑坡（29°42′7.60″N， 102°11′40.83″E，镜向SW）；（d） 燕子沟景区公路北侧斜坡花岗岩中的崩塌（29°42′7.60″N， 102°2′11.11″E，镜向W）
Figure 8. Co-seismic landslides occurred in special rock and sediment mass
（a）- Collapse occurred in glaciofluvial sediment along road in Yanzi gully （29°42′9.84″N，102°1′11.29″E，photo direction S）；（b）- Landslide occurred in gravel soil along road in Hailuo gully （29°36′17.65″N，102°4′44.21″E，photo direction NE）；（c）- Consequent landslide occurred in mica slate along S211 road along Dadu River （29°42′7.60″N，102°11′40.83″E，photo direction SW）；（d）- Rockfall occurred in granite along road in Yanzi gully （29°42′7.60″N，102°2′11.11″E，photo direction W）
表 1 历史地震震后地质灾害活跃期统计
Table 1. Statistics of active period of geo-hazard after historical earthquakes
地震 1923年日本
关东地震1999年台湾
集集地震2005年巴基斯坦
Kashmir地震2008年
汶川地震2013年
芦山地震震级 Ms7.9 Ms7.6 Ms7.6 Ms8.0 Ms7.0 震后地质灾害活跃期 15 a 5 a 5 a 20 a 10 a 
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