Strong ground motion simulation for the 2014 MW6.1 Ludian，Yunnan earthquake
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摘要: 基于震源运动学模型，采用宽频带混合模拟方法，对鲁甸地震开展了考虑复杂震源破裂过程的地震动模拟，将代表性场点的模拟结果与实际观测的强震记录进行对比研究，分析了不同震源模型对场点强地面运动特征影响的差异。研究表明：就震源尺度有限的中等地震而言，地震矩相近的不同震源破裂模型对震中距稍远场点的地震动影响差异相对较小，而对近震源区场点的地震动特征影响差异较为明显。另外，得出的不同震源模型模拟的地震动参数空间分布结果显示，不同震源模型对地震动空间分布形态有显著影响。因此，精细的震源模型对合理估计近震源区地震动特征及近震源区地震危险性具有重要价值。Abstract: Considering the complex source rupture process from Zhang Yong （2015）, the hybrid broadband simulation method was applied to synthesize the ground motions for the Ludian earthquake based on kinematic source model. The simulation results of representative sites were compared with the observed strong motion recordings, and impacts from three different source rupture models on strong ground motions were analyzed. The results show that for moderate earthquakes with limited fault dimension, the differences of strong ground motion characteristics among different source rupture models with the similar seismic moment are not obvious in the far fields, but are distinct in the near-fields. In addition, the distributions of intensity measurements of ground motions are given, and it is found that source rupture model plays an important role in the spatial distribution pattern of strong ground motions and strong ground motion characteristics. Therefore, the elaborate source rupture models are very important to estimate the strong ground motion characteristics and seismic hazard analysis in the near field.
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图 1 鲁甸地震研究区域内断层面投影及台站位置
Figure 1. Fault plane projection and station location of Ludian earthquake in the study map region
图 2 断层Ⅰ、断层Ⅱ及共轭复合断层震源模型（张勇等，2015）
Figure 2. Geometry，source time function and final slip distributions of source fault Ⅰ model ，fault Ⅱ model and conjugated fault model （Zhang et al，2015）
图 3 鲁甸地区一维速度结构及介质密度模型
Figure 3. One-dimensional velocity structure and medium density model in Ludian region
4 9个代表性台站加速度记录及基于断层Ⅰ震源模型、断层Ⅱ震源模型和共轭复合震源模型合成的三分量加速度时程
4. Recordings and simulated three component acceleration time-histories of 9 representative stations from source fault Ⅰ model ，fault Ⅱ model and conjugated fault model
4 9个代表性台站加速度记录及基于断层Ⅰ震源模型、断层Ⅱ震源模型和共轭复合震源模型合成的三分量加速度时程
4. Recordings and simulated three component acceleration time-histories of 9 representative stations from source fault Ⅰ model ，fault Ⅱ model and conjugated fault model
图 4 9个代表性台站加速度记录及基于断层Ⅰ震源模型、断层Ⅱ震源模型和共轭复合震源模型合成的三分量加速度时程
Figure 4. Recordings and simulated three component acceleration time-histories of 9 representative stations from source fault Ⅰ model ，fault Ⅱ model and conjugated fault model
图 5 9个代表性台站加速度反应谱与基于单断层Ⅰ震源模型、单断层Ⅱ震源模型及共轭复合断层震源模型模拟的加速度反应谱、加速度反应谱衰减模型对比
Figure 5. Comparison of the recorded acceleration response spectra of 9 representative stations with the simulated acceleration response spectra from source fault Ⅰ model ，fault Ⅱ model and conjugated fault model and NGA-West2 attenuation models
图 6 台站53QQC、53LDC和53HYC的记录和不同震源模型模拟的三分量速度时程
Figure 6. The recorded three component velocity time-histories of station 53QQC，53LDC and 53HYC and the simulated velocity time-histories of different source models
图 7 断层Ⅰ震源模型、断层Ⅱ震源模型和共轭复合断层震源模型产生的水平向PGA分布
Figure 7. Distributions of horizontal PGA （geometric mean） generated from source fault Ⅰ model ，fault Ⅱ model and conjugated fault model
图 8 断层Ⅰ震源模型、断层Ⅱ震源模型和共轭复合断层震源模型产生的水平向PGV分布
Figure 8. Distributions of horizontal PGV （geometric mean） generated from source fault Ⅰ model ，fault Ⅱ model and conjugated fault model
图 9 三个震源模型模拟的加速度反应谱（PSA）在周期0.5 s和1.5 s时的分布
Figure 9. Distributions of simulated pseudo-spectral acceleration （PSA） at period of 0.5 s and 1.5 s that from source fault Ⅰ model ，fault Ⅱ model and conjugated fault model
表 1 两个单断层模型及共轭复合断层震源模型参数（张勇，2015）
Table 1. Parameters of two single fault plane models and conjugated faults model
震源模型 走向（°） 倾向（°） 长（km） 宽（km） 子断层尺寸（km×km） 地震矩（N·m） 矩震级 断层Ⅰ模型 162 70 21 10 2×2 1.79×1018 6.13 断层Ⅱ模型 257 77 21 10 2×2 1.80×1018 6.14 共轭断层模型 复合 复合 复合 复合 2×2 2.05×1018 6.17 
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表 2 震中距160 km内部分台站相关信息（依据震中距排列）
Table 2. List of relevant information of part discussed stations within 160 km of the epicenter （arranged according to the epicenter distance）
台站 经度（°） 纬度（°） 场地类型 震中距（km） 断层I断层距 （km） 断层II断层距 （km） $ {v}_{\mathrm{S}30} $ 53QQC 103.23 26.94 Soil 19.09 14.77 13.24 527# 53LDC 103.60 27.22 Rock 32.54 28.99 13.93 424 53HYC 103.51 26.81 Soil 38.38 17.26 33.52 497* 53QJX 103.24 35.75 Soil 39.37 24.44 33.97 527# 51HDQ 102.82 26.67 Soil 67.47 60.57 49.07 747 53HZX 103.31 26.41 Soil 76.73 57.60 72.24 318* 51PGD 102.54 27.37 Soil 80.92 69.31 65.85 688 53DTB 103.04 26.36 Rock 86.24 70.21 75.09 760 51YBH 101.92 26.53 Soil 150.90 147.53 129.68 376 注：*表示该数据由Boor （2004）的速度梯度延拓线性模型外推计算而得，#表示根据临近场地插值计算得到。
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