水力压裂法测定华北地下深部应力
STRESS MEASUREMENTS AT DEPTH IN NORTH CHINA BY HYDRAULIC FRACTURING
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摘要: 水力压裂技术是当前测定地下深部实地应力的重要方法,现首次尝试于我国。我们与油田部门配合,在运用水力压裂法增产石油的同时,在我国华北的大港、河间、丰南、黄骅、北镇、庆阳、潜江等地区进行了深度1000——4000米应力的实地测试,共取得62个深井数据。 本文论述了野外结果及有关计算。表明地下主应力值与深度呈线性关系,各地区亦有差别。本文同时讨论了破裂过程与破裂方向,以及应力随深度分布的一些特点等问题。Abstract: In measuring stress at depth, the method of hydraulic fracturing is now receiving more attention. In China, this method is for the first time employed in oil wells in conjunction with the injection of water to increase oil production. On the North China Plain, 62 oil wells of depths of 1000-4000 meters have been tried to measure stress in-situ. They are in the oil fields, Dagang (大港), Hejian (河间), Fengnan (丰南), Huanghua (黄骅), Beizhen (北镇), Qingyang(庆阳), Qianjiang (潜江) etc.This paper gives some of the field results and related calculations. The stress thus measured appears to vary linearly with depths, differing slightly with the areas. The processes of fracturing and directions of fracturing as well as the pecularities of stress variations with depths are also discussed.
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[12] Witold Nowacki, Dynamic Problems of Thermoelasticity, WARSZAWA Poland, 1975.
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[14] B. C. Haimson, Hydrofracturing Stress Measurements——Method, Results and Interpretations, International Associations of Seismology and Physics of Earth's Interior, Joint General Assembilies,Durham, 1977.[1] I, B. Clark A Hydraulic Process for Increasing the Productivity of Wells, Trans., 9IME 186,1, 1949.
[2] M. K. Hubbert and D. G. Willis, Mechanics of $ydraulie Fracturing, Trans, BZdTE, 210, 153——166, 1957.
[3] A. E. Seheidegger, On the Connection between Tectonic Stresses and Well Fracturing Data,Geofisica Pasrd E 9pplicata, 46, 66——76, 1960.
[4] A. E. Scheidegger, Stress in the Earth's Cruat as Determined from Hydraulic Fracturing Data,Geologic and Bauwesen, 7, 2, 45——53, 1962.
[5] R. O. Kehle, The Determination of Tectonic Stresses through Analysis of Hydraulic Well Fracturfing, JGIL, 69, 259——273, 1964.
[6] C. Fairhurst, Measurement of in——situ Rock Stresses, with Particular Reference to Hydraulic Fracturfing, Rock tech. and Engineering Geol., 2, 1964.
[7] B. G. Haimson and C. Fairhurst, In——situ Stress Determination at Grsat Depth by means of Hydraulic Fracturing in Rock Mech., Theory and Practice, Proc, of 11th symposium on Rock Meehanics, 1970.
[8] B. C. Haimson, The Hydrofracturing Stress Measuring Method and Recent Field Results, Imt.J. Rock. Mech. Man,, Sci. and Geo}nech. 9bstr, 15, 167——178, 1978.
[9] B, C. Haimson, Near——Surface and Deep Hydrofracturing Stress Measurements in the Waterloo Quartzite, Int. J. Eock Mech.Sci. and Geomech, Abstr, 17, 81——88, 1980.
[10] J. C. Jaeger and G. W. Cook, Fundamentals of Rock Mechanics, Science Paper backs, 1976.
[11] C. Jaeger, Rock Mechanics and Engineering, Cambridge University Press 1979.
[12] Witold Nowacki, Dynamic Problems of Thermoelasticity, WARSZAWA Poland, 1975.
[13] 竹内洋一郎,热应力,日新出版社,1971,
[14] B. C. Haimson, Hydrofracturing Stress Measurements——Method, Results and Interpretations, International Associations of Seismology and Physics of Earth's Interior, Joint General Assembilies,Durham, 1977.
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