Coseismic and contemporary deformation features of the MS7.8 Tangshan earthquake in 1976
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摘要: 基于1976年唐山MS7.8地震的同震位移和现今GPS速度结果， 本文分析了该地震的同震破裂参数、 同震应变释放分布及其现今应变积累特征． 对唐山同震位移二维位错解析公式的拟合结果显示， 唐山地震前的断层闭锁深度约为18—23 km， 断层倾角可能介于74°—90°之间， 同震位错量约为3.1—3.4 m． 在同震过程中沿发震断层表现出显著的右旋错动特征， 在发震断层两侧沿NE向表现出左旋应变释放特征． 在本文现有的GPS测站密度和精度情况下， 尚无法识别出现今阶段沿唐山断裂的明显蠕滑特征． 唐山同震应变释放和现今GPS应变率积累结果均显示， 唐山断裂SE侧的剪切形变(速率)量值大于其NW侧， 同震与现今阶段的形变量值相差约1000倍．Abstract: This paper analyzed the coseismic rupture parameters, distribution of coseismic strain release and contemporary strain accumulation features based on coseismic displacements and GPS velocities in source area of the MS7.8 Tang-shan earthquake in 1976. The fitting results for the dislocation formula in two-dimensional model of coseismic displacements show that the locking depth of seismic fault is about 18—23 km before Tangshan earthquake, its dip angle is about 74°—90°, and the coseismic dislocation is about 3.1—3.4 m. During the coseismic process, right-lateral rupture occurred in the Tangshan fault zone, and the left-lateral strain released in NE direction at the bilateral sides of the coseismic fault. On the condition of the density and accuracy of GPS surveying presented in this paper, the creep signal cannot be distinguished at present. The coseismic strain release and contemporary GPS strain rate accumulation results illustrate that the shearing deformation (rate) magnitude in the SE side of the Tangshan fault zone is larger than that in the NW side, and the deformation values between the coseismic process and contemporary period differs 1000 times.
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图 1 唐山地震水平同震位移场(位移数据黄立人,1981； 震源机制引自 Global CMT,2011)
F1： 宝坻断裂； F2： 藩庄西断裂； F3： 蓟运河断裂； F4： 海西断裂； F5： 丰台—野鸡坨断裂； F6： 唐山断裂； F7： 宁河—昌黎断裂； F8： 滦县—乐亭断裂. 断层名称下同
Figure 1. Horizontal coseismic displacement field of Tangshan earthquake,where the displacement data are taken from Huang(1981),and focal mechanisms come from Global Global CMT(2011)
F1： Baodi fault； F2： Fanzhuangxi fault； F3： Jiyunhe fault； F4： Haixi fault； F5： Fengtai--Yejituo fault； F6： Tangshan fault； F7： Ninghe--Changli fault； F8： Luanxian--Laoting fault The black triangle with number represents the microwave measuring point and its number,the black arrows represent coseismic displacement. The gray curves represent the principal faults,the same below,and the dashed frame represents the coseismic displacement profile
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图 2 唐山地震水平同震位移投影结果(投影范围见图 1虚线框)
Figure 2. Projection of horizontal coseismic displacement of Tangshan earthquake (The projection range is the dashed frame shown in Fig. 1)
The black points represent coseismic displacement results,the gray curves represent the fitting results of vertical fault with Equ.(1),and the black curves represent the fitting results of the tilt fault with Equ.(2)
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图 3 唐山地震同震应变场
Figure 3. Coseismic strain field of Tangshan earthquake
The areas enclosed by dashed lines represent the region for strain calculation,and the black double arrows represent coseismic strain
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图 4 唐山地震震源区现今地壳形变分布图(GPS速度场采用中国大陆参考基准)
Figure 4. Contemporary crustal deformation distribution of the source area of Tangshan earthquake (The GPS velocity field are fixed to the reference of the Chinese mainland)
The arrow with circle represents GPS velocity,the areas enclosed by dashed lines represent the region for strain rate calculation,and the black double arrows represent GPS strain rate
表 1 唐山地震震源区同震应变释放与现今应变积累的对比
Table 1 Comparison of coseismic strain release with contemporary strain accumulation in the source area of Tangshan earthquake
应变积累和释放 唐山断裂NW侧区域 唐山断裂SE侧区域 主张应变/10-8 主压应变/10-8 主张应变方位角/° 主张应变/10-8 主压应变/10-8 主张应变方位角/° 同震应变 1662 -2142 80 3871 -2676 113 现今应变率 1.2 -1.2 49 3.5 -3.9 169 
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