Seismogenic fault segmentation of Tangshan earthquake sequence derived from focal mechanism solutions
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摘要: 使用唐山地区2002年1月—2015年11月ML≥2.5地震的255个震源机制解， 采用构造应力场均匀性的分段方法对唐山地震序列的发震断层进行分段． 在已有唐山地区震源机制解分区特征的基础上， 给出了5个参考应力张量， 并通过差异显著性的z值检验计算将唐山地震序列的发震断层分为宁河、 唐山、 滦县和卢龙等4个子段， 进而分别对4个子段的应力场进行反演． 结果显示： 4个子段的最大主压应力方向均呈近EW向， 且唐山、 宁河和卢龙子段的应力场均表现出较大的拉张分量； 唐山、 宁河子段的最佳应力张量与唐山主震对唐山断裂带两端点所产生的引张应力场的作用方式一致． 此外， 唐山子段的应力场符合基于接收函数给出的上地幔物质隆升模型， 滦县子段走滑型的应力状态反映了该区的共轭构造运动， 卢龙子段的最佳应力张量为正断兼右旋走滑． 从当前唐山地震序列发震断层分段的应力场特征可以推断， 现今唐山地区的地震活动具有继承性， 主要受区域构造应力场和该区深、 浅共存的断裂构造体系控制．Abstract: Based on the method of tectonic stress field homogeneity, this paper determined the segmentation of the seismogenic fault of Tangshan earthquake sequence by using the focal mechanisms of earthquake with ML≥2.5 occurred in Tangshan area from January of 2002 to November of 2015. According to the previous subarea results related to focal mechanisms in Tangshan area, this paper obtained five reference stress tensors, and the seismogenic fault of Tang-shan earthquake sequence was divided into four segments, i.e., Ninghe, Tang-shan, Luanxian and Lulong, by the significant difference analysis of z-test of cumulative misfit. The inversion for stress fields of the four segments shows the orientation of maximum principal stress axes is nearly in EW, and the stress filed of the Tangshan, Ninghe and Lulong segments showed a greater tensile component. The best stress tensors of Tangshan and Ninghe segments are consistent with the tensile stress field caused by the Tangshan main shock's pulling the northeastern and southwestern ends of Tangshan fault zone. The uplift model of upper mantle material derived from receiver function may also conform to the stress field of Tangshan segment. The strike-slip stress field of Luanxian segment is closely related to the conjugated structure in this area. The best stress tensor of Lulong segment is normal fault with right-lateral strike-slip. From the present characteristics of stress field for the seismogenic fault segmentation of Tangshan earthquake sequence, it is concluded that the seismicity in Tangshan area has inherited the development mode of Tangshan earthquake sequence, and mainly can be controlled by the regional tectonic stress field and the coexistence of deep and shallow faults.
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图 1 唐山地区地质构造和2002年1月—2015年11月ML≥2.5地震的震源机制解分布
F1: 丰台—野鸡坨断裂； F2: 滦县—乐亭断裂； F3: 宁河—昌黎断裂； F4: 蓟运河断裂； F5: 唐山断裂带； F6: 卢龙断裂； F7: 汉沽断裂； F8: 沧东断裂； F9: 丰台—丰南断裂
Figure 1. Tectonic settings and focal mechanism solutions of ML≥2.5 earthquakes occurred in Tangshan area from January of 2002 to November of 2015
Black lines represent faults,the compressed areas of focal mechanisms calculated in this study are filled with gray and red. The focal mechanisms with black compressed areas(No. 31,145,219 earth-quakes)is centroid-moment tensor solutions from Global CMT Project,and those with red compressed areas indicate the boundary points among the subfaults of the seismogenic fault of Tangshan earthquake sequence. F1: Fengtai-Yejituo fault; F2: Luanxian-Laoting fault; F3: Ninghe-Changli fault; F4: Jiyunhe fault; F5: Tangshan fault zone; F6: Lulong fault; F7: Hangu fault; F8: Cangdong fault; F9: Fengtai-Fengnan fault
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图 2 累积残差曲线(a)及其相应的z检验绝对值曲线(b)
垂直虚线为分段界限,图(b)中的水平线表示z检验显著水平为0.05的临界值1.96
Figure 2. Cumulative misfit curves(a)and the corresponding absolute values of z-test of cumulative misfit(b)
The vertical dashed lines indicate the boundary among the four segments,and the horizontal line indicates the critical value 1.96 of z-test at the significance level of 0.05 in Fig.(b)
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图 3 重新分段后4个子段的应力场3个主应力轴分布图
Figure 3. The principal stress axis distribution of the segments Ninghe,Tangshan,Luanxian and Lulong from left to right
表 1 唐山地震序列发震断层分段的参考应力张量反演结果
Table 1 Inversion of the reference stress tensors for the five segments of the seismogenic fault of Tangshan earthquake sequence
序号 子段 震源机制解个数 σ1 σ2 σ3 R 拟合残差/° 方位角/° 倾角/° 方位角/° 倾角/° 方位角/° 倾角/° 1 宁河段 13 107 17 228 59 358 21 0.70 8.6 2 唐山断裂带南段 21 284 30 132 56 22 13 0.50 9.0 3 唐山断裂带北段 133 267 86 79 4 169 1 0.70 10.3 4 滦县段 70 92 46 262 43 356 5 0.50 8.8 5 卢龙断裂段 18 103 32 248 53 3 17 0.40 7.9 注： R表示相对应力大小,R=(σ2-σ1)/(σ3-σ1). 
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表 2 基于应力场均匀性得到的唐山地震序列发震断层4个子段的应力张量反演结果
Table 2 The stress inversion result of the new four segments of the seismogenic fault of Tangshan earthquake sequence derived from stress field homogeneity
序号 子段 震源机制解个数 σ1 σ2 σ3 R 拟合残差/° 方位角/° 倾角/° 方位角/° 倾角/° 方位角/° 倾角/° 1 宁河 31 261 57 76 33 167 2 0.45 8.5 2 唐山 130 79 89 244 1 339 0 0.80 10.1 唐山断裂带北段 93 268 23 121 64 3 13 0.50 8.6 隐伏断裂 37 87 85 256 5 347 1 0.60 7.8 3 滦县 58 96 13 263 76 5 3 0.50 8.3 4 卢龙 36 103 59 265 30 360 8 0.60 7.5
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