Estimation and adjustment of eigenperiod of response spectrum of near-fault pulse-type ground motion
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摘要: 基于美国NGA数据库，在断层投影距小于25 km范围内挑选了1387条地震加速度记录，分别按照断层距和场地条件进行分组，对近断层速度脉冲型地震动的频谱特性、特征周期，及其与断层距、震级的相关性予以分析。结果显示：① 出现速度脉冲型地震动的比例与断层投影距之间存在明显的线性相关关系，但其与震级的变化不相关；② 地震动速度脉冲周期与震级之间存在强相关；③ 对于近断层速度脉冲型地震动，采用动态变化的加速度和速度反应谱峰值周期进行特征周期的计算，更加符合真实情况；④ 地震动速度脉冲有放大地震动特征周期的作用，水平向放大的比例与竖向相当，且放大作用与场地条件相关，在较硬场地上放大较多。本文基于上述近断层地震动的统计分析结果，对现行抗震设计规范中定义的特征周期提出了适合于工程应用的调整系数，并建立了速度脉冲周期与震级之间的关系模型，分析结果显示二者的拟合效果较好。Abstract: 1387 acceleration recordings within 25 km of Joyner-Boore distance were selected from NGA database and grouped according to the Joyner-Boore distance and site condition. Then the characteristics of near-fault pulse-type ground motions were discussed by using different ways, including spectral characteristic, eigenperiod of response spectrum and the relationships with the Joyner-Boore distance and earthquake magnitude. The results show that: ① The number of near-fault pulse-type ground motions is related to the Joyner-Boore distance, but not to the earthquake magnitude. ② The period of velocity pulses is strongly related to the earthquake magnitude. ③ For near-fault pulse-type ground motion, it is more accordant with the reality to use dynamic peak period of pseudo-acceleration and pseudo-velocity response spectra of ground motion to calculate the eigenperiod of response spectrum. ④ The velocity pulses of ground motion has the effect of enlarging eigenperiod of response spectrum, and the enlargement scale of horizontal and vertical are the same. Moreover, the amplification is related to the site conditions, which amplifies more on the harder site. Based on the results of statistical analysis of near-fault ground motion mentioned above, the adjustment coefficient for eigenperiod of response spectrum in the current seismic design code is provided in this research, which is suitable for application in engineering. And the satisfied relationship between period of velocity pulses and earthquake magnitude is established based on the regression analysis.
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Keywords:
- near-fault ground motion /
- eigenperiod /
- response spectrum /
- velocity pulse
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图 1 1992年兰德斯MW7.3地震水平向（a）和竖向（b）分量的加速度、速度及位移时程
Figure 1. Acceleration，velocity and displacement time histories of horizontal （a） and vertical （b） components of 1992 Landers MW7.3 earthquake
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图 2 速度脉冲型地震动比例与断层距的关系
Figure 2. The relationship between the ratio of pulse-type ground motions and Joyner-Boore distance
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图 3 速度脉冲型地震动比例与震级的关系
Figure 3. The relationship between the number of pulse-type ground motions and magnitude
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图 4 地震动速度脉冲周期随断层距的分布图
Figure 4. Distribution of the period of velocity pulses with Joyner-Boore distance
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图 5 地震动速度脉冲周期与震级的关系曲线
Figure 5. The relationship between the period of velocity pulses of ground motion and magnitude
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图 6 断层距小于25 km的范围内不同分组地震加速度反应谱均方根值变化
Figure 6. The RMS values of acceleration response spectrum in different group within 25 km of Joyner-Boore distance
表 1 断层距小于25 km范围内地震加速度记录随断层距的变化情况
Table 1 Variation of acceleration recordings within 25 km of Joyner-Boore distance
断层距/km 全部加速度记录条数 有速度脉冲的加速度记录条数 水平向 竖向 水平向 比例* 竖向 比例* 0—5 242 118 34 14.04% 12 10.17% 5—10 159 78 22 13.84% 5 6.41% 10—15 199 98 23 11.56% 4 4.08% 15—20 153 74 16 10.46% 3 4.05% 20—25 179 87 12 6.70% 2 2.30% 总计 932 455 107 11.48% 26 5.71% *指有速度脉冲的地震动记录条数占全部地震动记录条数的比例。 
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表 2 近断层地震动按照场地条件的分组情况
Table 2 Grouping of near-fault ground motions according to the site condition
场地条件 记录方向 有脉冲型记录条数 无脉冲型记录条数 合计 速度脉冲型地震动所占比例 vS30≥510 m/s 水平向 25 226 251 9.96% 竖向 11 112 123 8.94% 260≤vS30＜510 m/s 水平向 70 500 571 12.26% 竖向 15 266 280 5.36% vS30＜260 m/s 水平向 11 99 110 10.00% 竖向 1 51 52 1.96%
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表 3 不同分组地震动的均方根值TPA
Table 3 The RMS value TPA in different groups of ground motions
记录方向 类型 TPA/s vS30≥500 m/s 250≤vS30＜500 m/s vS30＜250 m/s 水平向 有脉冲 0.46 0.46 0.55 无脉冲 0.32 0.32 0.39 竖向 有脉冲 0.34 0.34 0.38 无脉冲 0.25 0.25 0.27
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表 4
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Table 4 The RMS value of characteristic period of near-fault ground motions （horizontal）
地震动类型 vS30≥500 m/s 250≤vS30＜500 m/s vS30＜250 m/s ${T}_{ {\rm{g} } }/{{\rm s} }$ 
${\overline{T}_{ {{\rm g} } } }/{{\rm s} }$ 
${T}_{ {\rm{g} } }/{{\rm s} }$ 
${\overline{T}_{ { {\rm g} } } }/{\rm s}$ 
${T}_{ {\rm{g} } }/{{\rm s} }$ 
${\overline{T}_{ {\rm{g} } } }/{\rm s}$ 
水平 竖向 水平 竖向 水平 竖向 水平 竖向 水平 竖向 水平 竖向 全部记录 0.56 0.49 0.81 0.75 0.57 0.52 0.96 0.90 0.63 0.55 1.10 1.01 有脉冲记录 0.76 0.63 1.27 1.16 0.79 0.70 1.35 1.28 0.81 0.74 1.42 1.33 无脉冲记录 0.53 0.47 0.72 0.66 0.54 0.52 0.84 0.75 0.55 0.54 0.95 0.89 有脉冲/无脉冲记录 1.43 1.34 1.76 1.76 1.46 1.35 1.61 1.65 1.47 1.37 1.49 1.49 有脉冲/全部记录 1.36 1.29 1.57 1.55 1.39 1.35 1.41 1.42 1.29 1.35 1.29 1.32
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表 5 特征周期Tg的调整系数
Table 5 The adjustment coefficient of the characteristic period Tg
方向 vS30≥510 m/s 260≤vS30＜510 m/s vS30＜260 m/s 水平向、竖向 1.55—1.76 1.40—1.65 1.29—1.49
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