中强地震能量震级测定

李赞; 刘瑞丰; 孔韩东; 王子博; 袁乃荣

doi:10.11939/jass.20180139

中强地震能量震级测定

1.
中国北京 100081 中国地震局地球物理研究所
2.
中国石家庄 050024 河北师范大学物理科学与信息工程学院

基金项目: 中国地震局地球物理研究所基本科研业务费专项（DQJB18B04）资助

详细信息

通讯作者:
刘瑞丰: e-mail：liurf@cea-igp.ac.cn

中图分类号: P315.3^＋2
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2018-12-17
- 修回日期: 2019-02-14
- 网络出版日期: 2019-05-22
- 发布日期: 2019-04-30

Energy magnitude determination of moderate-strong earthquakes

1.
Institute of Geophysics，China Earthquake Administration， Beijing 100081，China
2.
Institute of Physical Science and Information Engineering，Hebei Normal University，Shijiazhuang 050024，China

摘要

摘要: 本文根据地震波衰减特性，开展了利用宽频带地震波形数据测定地震波能量E_S和能量震级M_e的方法研究。利用震中距处于20°—98°范围内的宽频带远震P波波形数据，测定了4次国外和4次国内中强震的能量震级M_e，并对其面波震级M_S、矩震级M_W及能量震级M_e进行了分析对比。结果表明：面波震级M_S表示的是地震在某一固定频率所辐射的地震波能量大小；矩震级M_W与地震所产生的断层长度、断层宽度、震源破裂的平均位错量等静态构造效应密切相关；而能量震级M_e反映的是震源动态特征，与地震震源的动力学特性密切相关。由于地震是以地震波形式辐射，能量主要集中在震源谱的拐角频率附近，因此能量震级M_e更适合描述地震的破坏性。由此可见，联合测定面波震级M_S，矩震级M_W和能量震级M_e对于地震定量研究以及地震灾害与风险评估具有重要作用。
- 地震波能量 /
- 能量震级 /
- 宽频带远震P波波形数据 /
- 震源动态特征 /
- 震源谱
Abstract: This paper, based on the seismic wave attenuation characteristics, explores a method for utilizing broadband seismic waveform data to measure seismic energy E_S and energy magnitude M_e. The energy magnitudes M_e of four overseas and four domestic moderate-strong earthquakes are measured by using broadband teleseismic P waveform data with epicentral distance in the range of 20°−98°. The comparison of surface wave magnitude M_S, moment magnitude M_W and energy magnitude M_e of several earthquakes shows that: surface wave magnitude M_S represents the magnitude of the energy of seismic wave radiating at a fixed frequency; the moment magnitude M_W is closely related to the static structural effects such as the length of fault, the width of fault and the average dislocation amount of the source rupture produced by the earthquake; the energy magnitude M_e reflects source dynamic characteristics and is closely related to the dynamic characteristics of the seismic source. The energy radiated by the earthquake in the form of seismic waves is mainly concentrated near the corner frequency of the source spectrum, so the energy magnitude M_e is more suitable to describe the destructiveness of the earthquake. Therefore, joint determination of surface wave magnitude M_S, moment magnitude M_W and energy magnitude M_e are of great significance for quantifying and evaluating the disasters caused by earthquakes or tsunamis.
- seismic radiative energy /
- energy magnitude /
- broadband teleseismic P waveform data /
- source dynamic characteristics /
- source spectrum

HTML全文

图 1 计算九寨沟地震能量震级所用台站分布图

Figure 1. Distribution of the stations used for calculation of energy magnitude of Jiuzhaigou earthquake

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 九寨沟地震能量震级M_e残差分布

Figure 2. Distribution of the residuals for energy magnitude M_e of the Jiuzhaigou earthquake

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 计算芦山地震能量震级所用台站分布图

Figure 3. Distribution of the stations used for calculation of energy magnitude of Lushan earthquake

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 芦山地震能量震级M_e残差分布

Figure 4. Distribution of the residuals for energy magnitude M_e of the Lushan earthquake

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 计算哥斯达黎加地震（a）和尼加拉瓜地震（b）能量震级所用台站分布图

Figure 5. Distribution of the stations used for calculation of energy magnitude of Costa Rica earthquake （a） and Nicaragua earthquake （b）

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 牡丹江地震台记录到的哥斯达黎加地震（a）和尼加拉瓜地震（b）的波形记录图

Figure 6. Comparison of P-waveforms from Costa Rica earthquake （a） and Nicaragua earthquake （b） recorded by the station MDJ

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 计算九寨沟地震能量震级M_e的单台数据

Table 1 Single station data for calculating energy magnitude M_e of Jiuzhaigou earthquake

台站名	震中距/°	M_e	台站名	震中距/°	M_e	台站名	震中距/°	M_e
IU.MAKZ	21.46	7.02	IU.MBWA	56.42	6.22	IU.PAB	81.55	6.18
BK.CMB	97.75	6.66	IU.WAKE	57.19	6.47	IU.FUNA	82.63	6.21
II.AAK	24.86	6.70	IU.KBS	57.87	6.24	IU.KIP	84.85	6.31
II.KURK	25.44	6.45	IU.ADK	58.32	6.46	II.TAU	85.86	6.34
IU.MAJO	28.23	6.36	IU.PMG	59.25	6.16	IU.LSZ	86.81	6.12
II.SIMI	28.57	6.50	II.MSEY	59.38	6.17	II.MSVF	87.12	6.66
II.BRVK	31.06	6.19	II.WRAB	60.58	6.06	IU.POHA	87.71	6.53
II.ERM	32.05	6.08	II.KWAJ	63.29	6.58	II.FFC	89.31	6.47
IU.YSS	32.37	6.12	IU.KONO	63.83	6.15	IU.COR	91.20	6.34
IU.DAV	32.98	6.76	II.ALE	64.10	6.08	IU.AFI	92.97	6.75
IU.YAK	33.20	6.30	IU.FURI	64.42	6.24	GT.LBTB	94.43	6.58
II.ARU	38.59	6.09	IU.MIDW	66.27	6.45	II.CMLA	94.85	6.48
IU.MA2	40.40	6.09	IU.CTAO	66.90	6.05	IU.XMAS	96.14	6.28
II.KAPI	41.07	6.31	IU.NWAO	67.31	6.56	IU.KOWA	96.41	6.95
IU.GUMO	42.06	6.53	IU.COLA	67.41	6.12	IU.RAO	96.80	6.22
II.UOSS	42.10	6.25	IU.HNR	68.24	6.57	IU.TSUM	97.39	7.07
IU.PET	43.32	5.89	II.KDAK	68.99	6.36	碾子山	20.30	6.63
IU.GNI	47.05	6.22	II.BFO	69.18	5.94	五常	21.50	6.55
II.KIV	47.89	6.29	IU.KMBO	71.25	5.92	讷河	21.77	6.01
IU.BILL	49.33	6.47	IU.TARA	71.83	6.85	宾县	21.97	6.35
II.DGAR	50.38	6.52	II.ESK	71.91	6.02	宝清	21.98	6.47
II.OBN	50.66	6.18	II.BORG	73.18	6.28	靖宇	21.06	6.14
II.RAYN	51.60	6.23	II.ABPO	75.12	6.18	柳河	20.95	6.21
II.LVZ	51.76	6.03	II.MBAR	76.27	6.63	丰满	21.55	6.42
IU.KEV	54.58	5.97	IU.SFJD	77.95	6.41	抚松	20.65	6.31
IU.ANTO	55.99	6.19	IU.JOHN	78.17	6.01	牡丹江	22.91	6.55
平均能量震级		6.3
注：表中10个中国台站的地震引自国家测震台网数据备份中心（2007）和郑秀芬等（2009）。

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 不同机构测定的4次国外和4次国内地震的各类震级

Table 2 Various magnitudes measured by different institutes for four overseas and four domestic earthquakes

发震时间	发震地点	震源深度 /km	震源破裂时间/s	震源机制类型	M_S （CENC）	M_W （GCMT）	M_e （IRIS）	M_e （本文）
1991-04-22	哥斯达黎加	10.0	81	T	8.1	7.6	7.4	7.4
1992-09-02	尼加拉瓜	15.0	172	T	7.7	7.6	6.7	6.6
2006-11-15	昆士兰	39.0	133	T	8.0	8.3	7.7	7.7
2007-01-13	昆士兰	10.0	101	N	7.9	8.1	8.6	8.1
2008-05-12	四川汶川	12.8	126	TS	8.0	7.9	8.1	8.0
2013-04-20	四川芦山	12.2	39	T	7.0	6.6	6.7	6.6
2014-08-03	云南鲁甸	10.0	46	S	6.5	6.2	6.4	6.4
2017-08-08	四川九寨沟	9.0	43	S	7.0	6.5	6.4	6.3
注：T为逆断层，N为正断层，S为走滑断层，TS为包含走滑成分的逆断层。

下载: 导出CSV

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