我国现今地应力状态及有关问题
THE PRESENT STATE OF STRESS IN CHINA AND RELATED PROBLEMS
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摘要: 本文主要利用应力解除法及水压致裂法原地应力测量资料,对我国现今地应力状态及有关问题进行了分析讨论。原地应力测量资料表明,应力值随深度增加而增加;水平主应力有着很强的方向性,最大水平主应力的方向具有一定的分布规律,与地质构造和现代地壳运动有着一定的关系。Abstract: The present state of stress in China and concerned problems are discussed and analysed in this paper based mainly on in situ stress measurements.1. Regional characteristics of the present state of earth's stress of ChinaBun through by the Taihangshan mountain North China is separated into two distinct regions: first, east of the mountain, the compressive principal stress is neasly in the E Wdirection; second, west of the mountain, the direction is about N-S. South China is marked by stress orientation predominately in the N Wdirection, and the orientation of stress in the Northwest China is in the N-N-Edirection. In Southwest China., however, the stress pattern is more complex: the orientations of compressive principal stresses differ from each other in various regions. On the whole, the relative magnitudes of principal stress in China tend to be smaller in the east than the west2. Variation of state of earth's stress with depthIn most areas the horizontal principal stress is larger than the vertical, though exceptions to this pattern caused by different tectonism are occasionally seen. The ratio Kof average horizontal stress to vertical is somewhat scattered ranging from 0.5 to 4 down to a depth of 100 m., but there exists a linear relation between depth and Kof 0.5-2 below the depth of 100m. Available data taken recently in China all indicate that generally the direction of horizontal principal stress varies little with depth except for the Tangshan region where not only the orientation but the magnitude of the horizontal principal stress is distinctly different above and below the depth of 150 m.3. The state of stress in the vicinity of faultsAs the state of stress is different in different regions, so is the behaviour of active faulting. In Tangshan region the vertical principal stress is moderate (i.e. max >xv >Hmin), a condition propitious to the development of strike slip faulting; whereas, if the vertical stress is the minimum principal stress (i.e. Hmax>Hmin >v),it is prone to induce thrust faulting as in the Jinchuan region of Gansu province. The in situ stress measurements carried out at the Tancheng-Lujiang fault show that the nearer to the fault the less is the shear stress.4. The stress state in regions of strong earthquakesFollowing the stress measurements in the regions of strong earthquakes such as Tangshan, Longling, Haicheng and Xingtai etc. all results show that the stress magnitude measured in the epicentral locality immediately after a major earthquake is distinctly less than that measured in surrounding regions and the direction of the maximum principal stress is found to deviate from the orientation of the regional principal stress.5. The relationship between the state of earth's stress and crustal stability is briefly discussed in the paper as well.
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[1] Haimson, B. C., The hydrofracturing stress measuring method and recent field results, Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. and Geomech. Abstr., 15, 167——178, 1978.
[2] Hast, N., The state of stress in the upper part of the earth's crust, Tectonophysics, 8, 169——211,1969.
[3] Rummel ,F., H. J. Alheid, Hydraulic fracturing stress measurements in SE——Germany and tectonic stress pattern in central Europe, proc. Int. Res Conf. on Infra——Continental Earthquakes, 33——65,Lake Ohrid, Yugoslavia, 1979.
[4] Zoback, M. L., M. D. Zoback, State of stress in the conterminous United States, J. Geophys. Res.85, 6113——6156, 1980.
[5] Tanaka, Y., Y. Oka, Generation mechanism of rock bursts and waterinduced earthquakes under the tectonic stress field Rock Mechanics in Japan, 3, 71——73, 1979.
[6] 李钦祖、靳雅敏,于新昌,华北地区的震源机制与地壳应力场,地震学报,4, 55——61, 1982,
[7] 哪家全、时振梁、汪素云、环文林,中国及邻区现代构造应力场的区域特征,地震学报,1, 9——24,1979.
[8] Ranaili, G. Geotectonic of rock stress determinations, Tectonophysics, 29, 49——58,1975.
[9] 陈家庚、曹新玲、李自强,水力压裂法测定华北地下深部应力,地震Y"报,4, 350——361, 1982.
[10] Brown, E. T., E. Hoek, Trends in relationships between measured in——situ stress and depth, Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. and Geomech. Abstr., 15, 211——215, 1979.
[11] Jamison, D. B., N. G. W. Cook, Note on measured values for the state of stress in the earth's crust,J. Geophys.Res. 85, 1833——1838, 1980.
[12] Haimson, B. C., Near——surface and deep hydrofracturing stress measurements in the Waterloo quartzite, Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. and Geomech. Abstr. 17, 81——88, 1980.
[13] De' La Cruz, R. V., C. B. Raleigh, Absolute stress measurements at the Rangely anticline, Northwes——tern Colorado, Int.].Rock Mech. Min. S'ci., 9, 625——634, 1972.
[14] Sbar, M. L., T. Engelder, R. Plumb, S. Matshar, stress pattrn near the San Andreas fault Paimdale, California from near surface in situ measurements,].of Geophy., 84, 156——164, 1979.
[15] McGarr, A., N. C. Gay, State of stress in the earth crust, Ann. Rev. earth Planet Sci., 6, 405——436, 1978.
[16] Haimson, B. C., A comparative study of deep hydrofracturing :md overcoring stress measurements at six locations with particular interest to the Nevada test site, Hydraulic Fracturing Stress Me——asurements, Academic Press, Washington D. C.: 107——118, 198 3.
[17] Zoback, M. D., H. Tsukahara, S. Hikman, Stress measurements .it depth in the vicinity of the San Andreas fault: implications for the magnitude of shear stress at depth, J. Geophys. Res.,85, 6157——6173, 1980.
[18] 李方全、孙世宗、梁海庆,郯庐断裂带附近应力测量结果的讨论,地震科学研究,1983,3: 16——19.
[19] 李方全、王连捷,华北地区地应力测量,地球物理学报,22,1——8,1979,
[20] 田中豊、斋藤敏明,応力解放法にとる地殻応力る测定,地球,2,630——647,1980,
[21] 李方全、孙世宗、李立球,华北及郑庐断裂带地应力测量,岩石力学与工程学报,1,73——86,1982.
[22] 成尔林、李桂芳、陈和川,1976年四川省松潘——平武7.2级地震前后主压应力轴的方向特征,地震学报,4,136——148,1982.
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[24] 廖椿庭执笔,矿区之地应力测量与矿山设计,地质力学文集,第三集,137——147,地质出版社,1979.
[25] 李方全、李延美、王恩福等,水压致裂法原地应力测量试验,地应力研究文集,9——17,地震出版社,1984.
[26] 李方全、廖椿庭,地应力测量实例,地质科技,1973,3; 67——73.
[27] 丁旭初执笔,滇西地区地应力绝对值测量及龙陵地震区地应力场初步分析,地质力学文集,第三集,123——129,地质出版社,1979.[1] Haimson, B. C., The hydrofracturing stress measuring method and recent field results, Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. and Geomech. Abstr., 15, 167——178, 1978.
[2] Hast, N., The state of stress in the upper part of the earth's crust, Tectonophysics, 8, 169——211,1969.
[3] Rummel ,F., H. J. Alheid, Hydraulic fracturing stress measurements in SE——Germany and tectonic stress pattern in central Europe, proc. Int. Res Conf. on Infra——Continental Earthquakes, 33——65,Lake Ohrid, Yugoslavia, 1979.
[4] Zoback, M. L., M. D. Zoback, State of stress in the conterminous United States, J. Geophys. Res.85, 6113——6156, 1980.
[5] Tanaka, Y., Y. Oka, Generation mechanism of rock bursts and waterinduced earthquakes under the tectonic stress field Rock Mechanics in Japan, 3, 71——73, 1979.
[6] 李钦祖、靳雅敏,于新昌,华北地区的震源机制与地壳应力场,地震学报,4, 55——61, 1982,
[7] 哪家全、时振梁、汪素云、环文林,中国及邻区现代构造应力场的区域特征,地震学报,1, 9——24,1979.
[8] Ranaili, G. Geotectonic of rock stress determinations, Tectonophysics, 29, 49——58,1975.
[9] 陈家庚、曹新玲、李自强,水力压裂法测定华北地下深部应力,地震Y"报,4, 350——361, 1982.
[10] Brown, E. T., E. Hoek, Trends in relationships between measured in——situ stress and depth, Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. and Geomech. Abstr., 15, 211——215, 1979.
[11] Jamison, D. B., N. G. W. Cook, Note on measured values for the state of stress in the earth's crust,J. Geophys.Res. 85, 1833——1838, 1980.
[12] Haimson, B. C., Near——surface and deep hydrofracturing stress measurements in the Waterloo quartzite, Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. and Geomech. Abstr. 17, 81——88, 1980.
[13] De' La Cruz, R. V., C. B. Raleigh, Absolute stress measurements at the Rangely anticline, Northwes——tern Colorado, Int.].Rock Mech. Min. S'ci., 9, 625——634, 1972.
[14] Sbar, M. L., T. Engelder, R. Plumb, S. Matshar, stress pattrn near the San Andreas fault Paimdale, California from near surface in situ measurements,].of Geophy., 84, 156——164, 1979.
[15] McGarr, A., N. C. Gay, State of stress in the earth crust, Ann. Rev. earth Planet Sci., 6, 405——436, 1978.
[16] Haimson, B. C., A comparative study of deep hydrofracturing :md overcoring stress measurements at six locations with particular interest to the Nevada test site, Hydraulic Fracturing Stress Me——asurements, Academic Press, Washington D. C.: 107——118, 198 3.
[17] Zoback, M. D., H. Tsukahara, S. Hikman, Stress measurements .it depth in the vicinity of the San Andreas fault: implications for the magnitude of shear stress at depth, J. Geophys. Res.,85, 6157——6173, 1980.
[18] 李方全、孙世宗、梁海庆,郯庐断裂带附近应力测量结果的讨论,地震科学研究,1983,3: 16——19.
[19] 李方全、王连捷,华北地区地应力测量,地球物理学报,22,1——8,1979,
[20] 田中豊、斋藤敏明,応力解放法にとる地殻応力る测定,地球,2,630——647,1980,
[21] 李方全、孙世宗、李立球,华北及郑庐断裂带地应力测量,岩石力学与工程学报,1,73——86,1982.
[22] 成尔林、李桂芳、陈和川,1976年四川省松潘——平武7.2级地震前后主压应力轴的方向特征,地震学报,4,136——148,1982.
[23] 孙世宗、李立球、李方全,二滩电站的地应力测量,水文地质工程地质,1984,2: 7——9.
[24] 廖椿庭执笔,矿区之地应力测量与矿山设计,地质力学文集,第三集,137——147,地质出版社,1979.
[25] 李方全、李延美、王恩福等,水压致裂法原地应力测量试验,地应力研究文集,9——17,地震出版社,1984.
[26] 李方全、廖椿庭,地应力测量实例,地质科技,1973,3; 67——73.
[27] 丁旭初执笔,滇西地区地应力绝对值测量及龙陵地震区地应力场初步分析,地质力学文集,第三集,123——129,地质出版社,1979.
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