Research progress on detection of carbon leakage by ocean bottom seismometer

Marine carbon geological storage is an important strategy to slow the global warming. However, Marine carbon geological storage may pose a risk of carbon leakage, so it is necessary to monitor the carbon storage structure and seafloor carbon leakage. One of the effective monitoring means is ocean bottom seismometers （OBS） multi-wave component seismic detection. This paper presents an example of reservoir structures and fluids within the seafloor crust using OBS detection technology. The content mainly includes two-dimensional and three-dimensional array OBS experiments, and the methods include traveltime inversion, anisotropy analysis and microseismic methods. OBS multi-component seismic detection has the advantages of wide range, large depth, high signal-to-noise ratio, and large offset. However, there is still room to improve the resolution of reservoir and leakage models established by 2D and 3D OBS inspections. The observation accuracy can be improved by using a dense array, or a more reasonable array method can be used to obtain the best resolution. As the goal of carbon neutrality draws nearer, the need for carbon sequestration in countries is imminent. Therefore, it is particularly necessary to develop OBS seabed carbon leakage monitoring technology as soon as possible to ensure the implementation of carbon sequestration programs.