1. Review System: After submission, the associate editors-in-chief will first conduct a preliminary review. Manuscripts that are insufficient in originality, contain serious scientific or technical mistakes, lack valuable information, or are not in the scope of the journal will be rejected by the editorial office. Manuscripts that have passed the preliminary review will undergo peer review. The journal adopts a single-blind review system. The manuscript will be sent to two peer reviewers. Authors must respond to reviewers' comments point-by-point and submit the revised version on time. This process will be repeated until both reviewers and editors are satisfied with the manuscript. The editorial office will select manuscripts fairly based on academic quality and the review comments. The associate editors-in-chief will make the final decision on whether the article will be published based on the opinions of peer reviewers.

2. Timeline: If the authors do not receive any response within 3 months, the authors may handle the manuscript by themselves. For revised manuscripts, authors are generally expected to submit the revised version within 20 working days.

3. Academic Misconduct Detection: The journal does not accept multiple submissions or duplicate publications of the same manuscript. All submitted manuscripts will be checked for plagiarism using Wanfang's plagiarism detection system. If a manuscript under review is found to have academic misconduct, the editorial office will reject it immediately. Furthermore, if academic misconduct is discovered after the article has been officially published, the editorial office will retract the article. The author will bear and resolve any resulting consequences.

4. Special Issues and Special Columns: The review process for manuscripts submitted to special issues or columns is the same as that for regular journal submissions. Manuscripts submitted for special issues or columns will undergo the same review and editorial process as regular submissions, and the final decision on acceptance will be made by the associate editors-in-chief. The editor-in-chief is responsible for the entire content of the journal, including special issues and columns. When organizing special issues, the editorial office may invite authoritative experts in the field to serve as guest editors. The responsibilities of guest editors include suggesting themes for the special issue, soliciting manuscripts, organizing peer reviews, and addressing any issues that arise during the publication process. The work of guest editors will be supervised by the associate editors-in-chief to ensure the fairness of the manuscript review process.

5. Internal Submissions: Submissions by Editorial Board Members (EBMs) / Editors / Guest Editors must adhere to all journal review and editorial procedures when submitting manuscripts. They shall not participate in the review, editorial work, or acceptance decisions for articles authored by themselves, their family members, or colleagues. Peer review must ensure independence from the relevant authors, editors, and their research groups.

6. Correction and Retraction: After publishing, if there appears to be an unintended scientific mistake in the article that would not lead to significant impacts on the results and conclusion, the editorial office will publish corrections in the journal as soon as possible, and detailing the changes made to the original article. If severe scientific errors are found in published articles, or the article is suspected of academic misconduct, such as plagiarism and data falsification, the editorial office will issue a statement to inform readers of the risks, initiate an investigation, and announce the final result, or even retract the article with a retraction statement if necessary.