Yu Y Y,Chen Y J,Rui Z L,Ding H P. 2025. Simulations of ground motion of canyon-basin coupled terrain under vertical incidence of S-wave. Acta Seismologica Sinica47(3):422−437. DOI: 10.11939/jass.20240010
Citation: Yu Y Y,Chen Y J,Rui Z L,Ding H P. 2025. Simulations of ground motion of canyon-basin coupled terrain under vertical incidence of S-wave. Acta Seismologica Sinica47(3):422−437. DOI: 10.11939/jass.20240010

Simulations of ground motion of canyon-basin coupled terrain under vertical incidence of S-wave

More Information
  • Received Date: January 21, 2024
  • Revised Date: April 15, 2024
  • Accepted Date: April 16, 2024
  • The seismic response of local sites is one of hot topics in the field of earthquake engineering. Currently, there have been many researches on the seismic effect of single basin site or local depression sites. However, studies about the basin-depression coupled sites are quite few. Actually, local lakes or deep foundation pits can be frequently found in the basins. So the studies of ground motion amplification characteristics of such a coupled terrain are of significance for earthquake prevention and disaster reduction in corresponding areas. In this paper, a numerical simulation method combining high-precision spectral element method and multiple transmission boundary is firstly introduced, which are used for the wave motion simulation of the interior nodes and boundary nodes, respectively. The accuracy of the method is validated by comparison with the analytical solution for seismic response of a hemisphere basin under SV wave incidence. Then, by using this method, the seismic responses of coupled three-dimensional depression terrain in sedimentary basins under vertical S-wave incidence are investigated considering different input waves, and the impacts of dimensionless width (defined as the ratio of depression width to basin’s radius, abbreviated as κ in the following) on the amplification effect of ground motion are analyzed. The distributions of peak ground displacement (PGD) and the corresponding amplification coefficients (defined as the ratio of the PGDs of basin-canyon coupled model to the single basin model), the displacement time histories along characteristic profiles and their amplification factor distributions are used for the study. Finally, influence of the depression shapes (three-dimensional rectangle and three-dimensional trapezoid) on the seismic amplification features is comparatively studied. The results indicate that:

    1) When no concave is contained in the basin, the incident waves on the semisphere surface are focused at the center of the basin, resulting in the strongest shaking in this region, which is the so called “focusing effect” . But the focusing areas varies significantly with the input wave, with the largest area for the Ninghe wave, and the smallest area for the pulse wave.

    2) The dimensionless width of the depression significantly changes the distribution characteristics, intensities, and locations of strong ground motions inside the basin. For the pulse wave incidence case, excepting for the κ=0.4 model, the ground motion amplitudes of the concave-coupled terrain are always larger than those of the only-basin model. While for the Ninghe and Kobe wave incidence case, the opposite happens.

    3) The scattering effect of concave terrain on incident wave components with wavelengths equivalent or close to their sizes is more significant, and the strongest ground motion is mainly located in the top area of the concave. In contrary, the ground motion amplification effects are insignificant for incident waves with wavelengths greatly longer than the size of depression, when the strong ground motion are still located at the center area of the basin.

    4) Compared to a single basin terrain, the concave terrain within the basin can cause amplification of ground motion in local areas adjacent to the top of the depression or at a certain distance from it, with amplification coefficients ranging from 1.1 to 1.3. Its position changes with the input wave and the dimensionless width, but the bottom of the depression is always a ground motion reduction zone. The amplification effect of the ground motions near the top of the concave or the basin edge is probably caused by the interference between the basin-edge induced surface wave, the directly input wave and the scattering wave on the concave surface.

    5) The dimensionless width of the depression and the polarization direction of the incident wave jointly affect the distribution characteristics of the peak ground displacement and amplification coefficient. In this study, the input ground motion is polarized in the plane for the left-right sides, and out-of-plane for the front-back sides. Then different wave mode conversion phenomenon occurred when waves impinge on the basin basement. The interference with the directly input wave gives rise to the significant difference in wave propagation behavior and ground motion distribution features along the two axis of the basin, which cannot be considered for the two-dimensional model. In addition, the amplification coefficient curve on the profile parallel to the polarization direction fluctuates more violently.

    6) The shape of the depression has certain influence on the distribution of simulated amplification coefficient. The ground motion distribution characteristics of trapezoidal depression on slope surface and bottom of depression are significantly different from those of rectangular depression. The effect of ground motion intensity on the depressed slope is greater than that on the top of both slopes when the slope angle is small. The PGD and amplification coefficient of the three-dimensional trapezoid concave site are a little smaller than the results of three-dimensional rectangle models. But the general distribution feature is comparable, the most affected area is always concentrated in the region of depression and the area adjacent to the edge of it.

    Therefore, for the basin-depression coupled site, the ground motion amplification effect caused by the canyon should be considered, especially when the predominant wavelength of the input wave is close to or smaller compared to the canyon scale. If the predicted ground motion values are obviously larger than the designed basic seismic acceleration of the corresponding area, the seismic fortification level of important engineering structures in the area should be appropriately raised. The results of this study can provide theoretical reference for the seismic damage defense work of sedimentary basin-depression coupling sites.

  • 巴振宁,吴孟桃,梁建文,喻志颖. 2020. 高山-峡谷复合地形对入射平面P-SV波的散射[J]. 应用数学和力学,41(7):695–712.
    Ba Z N,Wu M T,Liang J W,Yu Z Y. 2020. Scattering and diffraction by the hill-canyon composite topography for incident plane P- and SV-waves[J]. Applied Mathematics and Mechanics,41(7):695–712 (in Chinese).
    陈三红,张郁山. 2017. 圆弧状多层沉积凹陷在平面SV波入射下的动力响应[J]. 岩土工程学报,39(6):1074–1081. doi: 10.11779/CJGE201706013
    Chen S H,Zhang Y S. 2017. Dynamic responses of canyon with multiple arc-shaped layers under incidence of plane SV waves[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,39(6):1074–1081 (in Chinese).
    戴志军,李小军,侯春林. 2015. 谱元法与透射边界的配合使用及其稳定性研究[J]. 工程力学,32(11):40–50. doi: 10.6052/j.issn.1000-4750.2014.03.0196
    Dai Z J,Li X J,Hou C L. 2015. A combination usage of transmitting formula and spectral element method and the study of its stability[J]. Engineering Mechanics,32(11):40–50 (in Chinese).
    丁海平,朱重洋,于彦彦. 2017. P,SV波斜入射下凹陷地形地震动分布特征[J]. 振动与冲击,36(12):88–92.
    Ding H P,Zhu C Y,Yu Y Y. 2017. Characteristic of ground motions of a canyon topography under inclined P and SV waves[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock,36(12):88–92 (in Chinese).
    方仁义,马洪生,付晓. 2017. 凹陷地形地震波加速度放大效应的振动台模型试验研究[J]. 路基工程,(4):79–86.
    Fang R Y,Ma H S,Fu X. 2017. Experimental study on shaking table model for acceleration amplification effect of basin seismic wave[J]. Subgrade Engineering,(4):79–86 (in Chinese).
    顾亮,丁海平,于彦彦. 2017. SV波斜入射陡坎地形对地面运动的影响[J]. 自然灾害学报,26(4):39–47.
    Gu L,Ding H P,Yu Y Y. 2017. Effects of scarp topography on seismic ground motion under inclined SV waves[J]. Journal of Natural Disasters,26(4):39–47 (in Chinese).
    孔曦骏,邢浩洁,李鸿晶. 2022. 流固耦合地震波动问题的显式谱元模拟方法[J]. 力学学报,54(9):2513–2528. doi: 10.6052/0459-1879-22-068
    Kong X J,Xing H J,Li H J. 2022. An explicit spectral-element approach to fluid-solid coupling problems in seismic wave propagation[J]. Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics,54(9):2513–2528 (in Chinese).
    李小军,任朋亮,王玉石,李再先,钟康明,董青. 2023. 不同形状三维凹陷地形场地对地震动影响比较分析[J]. 岩土力学,44(11):3327–3338.
    Li X J,Ren P L,Wang Y S,Li Z X,Zhong K M,Dong Q. 2023. Comparison and analysis of the influence of different shapes of 3D concave topographies on site ground motion[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics,44(11):3327–3338 (in Chinese).
    梁建文,梁佳利,张季,巴振宁. 2017. 深厚软土场地中三维凹陷地形非线性地震响应分析[J]. 岩土工程学报,39(7):1196–1205. doi: 10.11779/CJGE201707005
    Liang J W,Liang J L,Zhang J,Ba Z N. 2017. Nonlinear seismic response of 3D canyon in deep soft soils[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,39(7):1196–1205 (in Chinese).
    廖振鹏,黄孔亮,杨柏坡,袁一凡. 1984. 暂态波透射边界[J]. 中国科学:A辑,14(6):556–564.
    Liao Z P,Huang K L,Yang B P,Yuan Y F. 1984. A transmitting boundary for transient wave analyses[J]. Science in China:Series A,27(10):1063–1076.
    刘启方. 2021. 2014年鲁甸地震龙头山镇盆地共振效应研究[J]. 地震工程与工程振动,41(2):43–52.
    Liu Q F. 2021. Study on the basin resonance effect in Longtoushan town during the 2014 Ludian earthquake[J]. Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics,41(2):43–52 (in Chinese).
    万远春,于彦彦,丁海平,胡颖平. 2022. 考虑不均匀地壳构造的四川盆地地震动模拟研究[J]. 自然灾害学报,31(2):204–214.
    Wan Y C,Yu Y Y,Ding H P,Hu Y P. 2022. Seismic simulation of Sichuan basin considering inhomogeneous crustal structure[J]. Journal of Natural Disasters,31(2):204–214 (in Chinese).
    邢浩洁,李鸿晶. 2017. 透射边界条件在波动谱元模拟中的实现:二维波动[J]. 力学学报,49(4):894–906. doi: 10.6052/0459-1879-16-393
    Xing H J,Li H J. 2017. Implementation of multi-transmitting boundary condition for wave motion simulation by spectral element method:Two dimension case[J]. Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics,49(4):894–906 (in Chinese).
    杨彩红,郝明辉,张郁山. 2022. 圆弧形凹陷在SH波入射下瞬态反应的解析解[J]. 地震学报,44(1):111–122. doi: 10.11939/jass.20210092
    Yang C H,Hao M H,Zhang Y S. 2022. Analytical solution to the transient response of arc-shaped canyon incident by plane SH wave[J]. Acta Seismologica Sinica,44(1):111–122 (in Chinese).
    于彦彦,芮志良,丁海平. 2023. 三维局部场地地震波散射问题谱元并行模拟方法[J]. 力学学报,55(6):1342–1354. doi: 10.6052/0459-1879-23-052
    Yu Y Y,Rui Z L,Ding H P. 2023. Parallel spectral element method for 3D local-site ground motion simulations of wave scattering problem[J]. Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics,55(6):1342–1354 (in Chinese).
    章旭斌,谢志南. 2022. 波动谱元模拟中透射边界稳定性分析[J]. 工程力学,39(10):26–35. doi: 10.6052/j.issn.1000-4750.2021.06.0428
    Zhang X B,Xie Z N. 2022. Stability analysis of transmitting boundary in wave spectral element simulation[J]. Engineering Mechanics,39(10):26–35 (in Chinese).
    赵靖轩,巴振宁,阔晨阳,刘博佳. 2023. 2022年9月5日泸定MS6.8地震宽频带地震动谱元法模拟[J]. 地震学报,45(2):179–195. doi: 10.11939/jass.20220190
    Zhao J X,Ba Z N,Kuo C Y,Liu B J. 2023. Broadband ground motion simulations applied to the Luding MS6.8 earthquake on September 5,2022 based on spectral element method[J]. Acta Seismologica Sinica,45(2):179–195 (in Chinese).
    Anderson J G,Bodin P,Brune J N,Prince J,Singh S K,Quaas R,Onate M. 1986. Strong ground motion from the Michoacan,Mexico,earthquake[J]. Science,233(4768):1043–1049. doi: 10.1126/science.233.4768.1043
    Ayoubi P,Mohammadi K,Asimaki D. 2021. A systematic analysis of basin effects on surface ground motion[J]. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng,141:106490. doi: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2020.106490
    Ba Z N,Wang Y,Liang J W,Lee V W. 2020. Wave scattering of plane P,SV,and SH waves by a 3D alluvial basin in a multilayered half-space[J]. Bull Seismol Soc Amer,110(2):576–595. doi: 10.1785/0120190090
    Chaillat S,Bonnet M,Semblat J F. 2009. A new fast multi-domain BEM to model seismic wave propagation and amplification in 3-D geological structures[J]. Geophys J Int,177(2):509–531. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2008.04041.x
    Kawase H. 1996. The cause of the damage belt in Kobe: “The basin-edge effect, ” constructive interference of the direct S-wave with the basin-induced diffracted/Rayleigh waves[J]. Seismol Res Lett,67(5):25-34.
    Liu Z X,Qiao Y F,Cheng X L,El Naggar M H. 2022. Nonlinear seismic response and amplification effect of 3D sedimentary basin based on bounding surface constitutive model[J]. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng,158:107292. doi: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2022.107292
    Mossessian T K,Dravinski M. 1990. Amplification of elastic waves by a three dimensional valley:Part 1:Steady state response[J]. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn,19(5):667–680.
    Sepúlveda S A,Murphy W,Jibson R W,Petley D N. 2005. Seismically induced rock slope failures resulting from topographic amplification of strong ground motions:The case of Pacoima Canyon,California[J]. Eng Geol,80(3/4):336–348.
    Yu Y Y,Ding H P,Zhang X B. 2021. Simulations of ground motions under plane wave incidence in 2D complex site based on the spectral element method (SEM) and multi-transmitting formula (MTF):SH problem[J]. J Seismol,25:967–985.
  • Cited by

    Periodical cited type(0)

    Other cited types(5)

Catalog

    Article views (37) PDF downloads (9) Cited by(5)

    /

    DownLoad:  Full-Size Img  PowerPoint
    Return
    Return