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JIANG JIN-CHANG, LIU XIANG-QUNcom ivasic personality . 1981: A STUDY OF THE RELATION BETWEEN ACOUSTIC EMISSION AND ANIMAL UNUSUAL BEHAVIOR PRIOR TO EARTHQUAKES. Acta Seismologica Sinica, 3(4): 429-439.
Citation: JIANG JIN-CHANG, LIU XIANG-QUNcom ivasic personality . 1981: A STUDY OF THE RELATION BETWEEN ACOUSTIC EMISSION AND ANIMAL UNUSUAL BEHAVIOR PRIOR TO EARTHQUAKES. Acta Seismologica Sinica, 3(4): 429-439.
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A STUDY OF THE RELATION BETWEEN ACOUSTIC EMISSION AND ANIMAL UNUSUAL BEHAVIOR PRIOR TO EARTHQUAKES

  • Institute of Biophysics, Academia, Sinica

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  • Published Date: August 31, 2011
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  • This paper is an analysis of some observed results of acoustic emission prior to earthquakes, occurred in the last ten years in China for the temporal and space distribution pattern of such acoustic emission before large earthquake events and an estimation of the transmitted sound pressure above the bed rock and in surface water. The distribution pattern was then compared with that of the animal unusual behaviors before earthquakes. Besides, the threshold values of sensation to hearing and vibration of human and some animals have also been compared. Finally, a cross-correlation analysis of the observed acoustic emission and the activities of fishes during the aftershock period of the Tangshan earthquake for the same time intervals was made. The results are as follows:1. The pattern of temporal and space distribution of acoustic emission and animal anomalous behavior before earthquakes are generally similar. They are commonly referred to as the earthquake short-term precursors.2. Transmitted sound pressure of acoustic emission before an earthquake of the magnitude around 3 near the epicentral region above the bed rock and in the surface water equals respectively to 23-19 db and 90-86 db in the frequency band of 150-250 Hz. It can be seen that human ears, are not able to sense this sound pressure level on ground surface, but possibly cats, dogs and pheasants living on ground surface and usually rates living in holes, can sense it, and perhaps teleost fishes are superior to ground animals in sensing acoustic emission prior to earthquakes. At the same time, the vertical amplitude of displacement of the bed rock surface amounts to about 10-7cm. Although this value is about 3 orders of magnitude lower than the amplitude thresholds of sensation to vibration for some animals, we might infer that the vertical amplitude of ground surface displacement before strong earthquakes can be of the order of microns or more, so that they should be able to sense the vibrations.3. When the observational sites for the activities of fishes and acoustic emission are about 20 km apart, the results show not only that they reflect the aftershock activity of the same regions in Tangshan but also certain cross-correlation between the sequences of daily frequency of activities of fishes and acoustic emission.
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  • [1] 中国科学院生物物理研究所地震组编, 动物与地震, 地震出版社, 1977.

    [2] J. F. Everden (Eds), EHRP Conference I: Abnormal animal behavior prior toecarthquakes, 1976.

    [3] P. D. Andriese, Ed., EHRP Conference II: Abnormal animal behavior prior to earthquakes, 1979.

    [4] T. Rikitake, Can animal predict erathquake? TOKYO KODANSHA (in Japanese), 1978.

    [5] 蒋锦昌编著, 奇异的本领, 地震出版社, 1980,

    [6] B. H. Armstrong, Acoustic emission prior to rockbursts and earthquakes, B. S. S. A., 59, 3, 1259——1279, 1969.

    [7] K, Mogi, Study of elastic, slioeks caused by the fracture of beterogencoua materials and its relation earthquakes phenomena, Bull Earth. Res. Iust., 40, 125——173, 1962.

    [8] C. H. Scholz, Experimental study of fracturing process in brittle rock, J. S. R., 73, 4, 1447——1454. 1968.

    [9] С. Д. Виноградов, и др. Распределение во времени упругих импульсов, возниклющмх при разрушении образцов, Фцзцка Землц, Изд АН СССР, 4, 3——9, 1975.

    [10] 陈颙, 声发射技术在岩石力学研究中的应用, 地球物理学报, 20, 4, 312——302, 1977.

    [11] М. С. Анцыферов, Применение сейсмоакустических методов в горном деле, Изд"Наука", М, 1964.

    [12] М. С. Анцыферов, и др, Сейсмоакустические исследования повторных толчков, Тащкенское Земле——трясение 26 Апреля 1966 Года, 154——163. 1974.

    [13] 蒋锦昌, 动物异常是一种临震前兆, 地震学报, 2, 3, 304——313, 1980.

    [14] D. P Hilh et al. Earthquake sounds generated by body——wave grouts motion, B. S. S. A., 66, 4, 1159——1171, 1976.

    [15] D. J. Stimnran, Earthquake sounds and animal cues: Some field observations, B. S. S. A., 70, 2, 639——643, 1980.

    [16] R. G. Fusel, (Ed), Acoustic behaviour of animals, 1963.

    [17] A. N. Popper, and R. R. Fay, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 53, 1515——1529, 1973.

    [18] M. Zinmrmann, Mechanoreceptors of the glabrous skin and tactile acuity, Studies in Naicropltysiulogy, 267——288, 1978.

    [19] P. H. Brownell, Compressional and surface waves in sand: Used by desert scorpions to locate prey, Science, 197, 479——482, 1977.

    [20] 殷春阳、王少韩、蒋锦昌, 鱼的异常活动与唐山余震关系的观察研究, 动物学杂志, 2, 11——14, 1981.

    [1] 中国科学院生物物理研究所地震组编, 动物与地震, 地震出版社, 1977.

    [2] J. F. Everden (Eds), EHRP Conference I: Abnormal animal behavior prior toecarthquakes, 1976.

    [3] P. D. Andriese, Ed., EHRP Conference II: Abnormal animal behavior prior to earthquakes, 1979.

    [4] T. Rikitake, Can animal predict erathquake? TOKYO KODANSHA (in Japanese), 1978.

    [5] 蒋锦昌编著, 奇异的本领, 地震出版社, 1980,

    [6] B. H. Armstrong, Acoustic emission prior to rockbursts and earthquakes, B. S. S. A., 59, 3, 1259——1279, 1969.

    [7] K, Mogi, Study of elastic, slioeks caused by the fracture of beterogencoua materials and its relation earthquakes phenomena, Bull Earth. Res. Iust., 40, 125——173, 1962.

    [8] C. H. Scholz, Experimental study of fracturing process in brittle rock, J. S. R., 73, 4, 1447——1454. 1968.

    [9] С. Д. Виноградов, и др. Распределение во времени упругих импульсов, возниклющмх при разрушении образцов, Фцзцка Землц, Изд АН СССР, 4, 3——9, 1975.

    [10] 陈颙, 声发射技术在岩石力学研究中的应用, 地球物理学报, 20, 4, 312——302, 1977.

    [11] М. С. Анцыферов, Применение сейсмоакустических методов в горном деле, Изд"Наука", М, 1964.

    [12] М. С. Анцыферов, и др, Сейсмоакустические исследования повторных толчков, Тащкенское Земле——трясение 26 Апреля 1966 Года, 154——163. 1974.

    [13] 蒋锦昌, 动物异常是一种临震前兆, 地震学报, 2, 3, 304——313, 1980.

    [14] D. P Hilh et al. Earthquake sounds generated by body——wave grouts motion, B. S. S. A., 66, 4, 1159——1171, 1976.

    [15] D. J. Stimnran, Earthquake sounds and animal cues: Some field observations, B. S. S. A., 70, 2, 639——643, 1980.

    [16] R. G. Fusel, (Ed), Acoustic behaviour of animals, 1963.

    [17] A. N. Popper, and R. R. Fay, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 53, 1515——1529, 1973.

    [18] M. Zinmrmann, Mechanoreceptors of the glabrous skin and tactile acuity, Studies in Naicropltysiulogy, 267——288, 1978.

    [19] P. H. Brownell, Compressional and surface waves in sand: Used by desert scorpions to locate prey, Science, 197, 479——482, 1977.

    [20] 殷春阳、王少韩、蒋锦昌, 鱼的异常活动与唐山余震关系的观察研究, 动物学杂志, 2, 11——14, 1981.
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