
The ray tracing process calculated by PVP-FMM in this paper (the shot point is located in the center of the model)
Figures of the Article
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Near-surface models
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Implementation schematic diagram of fast marching method (FMM)
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Schematic diagram of change in ray propagation direction
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Comparison of travel time and its error for homogeneous model
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Comparison of travel time difference for TTI model
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The ray tracing process calculated by PVP-FMM in this paper (the shot point is located in the center of the model)
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Ray tracing results of VTI model
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Comparison map of travel time contours
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Comparison of absolute error of travel time
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Ray tracing results of Marmousi model
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Comparison map of travel time contour
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Comparison of absolute error of travel time
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A shot record simulated by the finite difference method
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First arrival and picked-first arrival calculated by the anisotropic model (single shot)
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First arrival time picked up from isotropic (a) and anisotropic (b) numerical simulation records
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Error of ray tracing fitting (913 shots)