Jin Xingup, Zhang Hongcaiup, Li Jun Wei Yongxiang Ma Qianguppayda. 2012: Research on earthquake early warning magnitude estimate. Acta Seismologica Sinica, 34(5): 593-610.
Citation: Jin Xingup, Zhang Hongcaiup, Li Jun Wei Yongxiang Ma Qianguppayda. 2012: Research on earthquake early warning magnitude estimate. Acta Seismologica Sinica, 34(5): 593-610.

Research on earthquake early warning magnitude estimate

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  • Published Date: August 29, 2012
  • Earthquake early warning (EEW) is one of the effective ways to reduce earthquake damage. Earthquake magnitude estimation is the most important and also most difficult part in the whole EEW system. Based on 142 earthquake records from KiK-net in Japan and aftershock records of the great Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan, China, we worked out the magnitude estimation relationships by using tau;c and Pd methods, with corresponding variances of 0.62 and 0.56, respectively. In order to remove the effect of magnitude saturation, we expanded the Pd method and proposed a new method of continuously calculating the peak displacement. When the time window is 10 s, the variance of magnitude estimation is reduced to 0.37, fully meeting the need of EEW systems. Meanwhile, our method realized the continuous transition of different information, and improved the utilization of seismic records. We also discussed the relation between Pd and PGV, and the compatibility between different characteristic parameters.
  • 金星, 马强, 李山有. 2003. 四种计算地震反应数值方法的比较研究[J]. 地震工程与工程振动, 23(1): 18——30.

    马强, 金星, 李山有. 2003. 单自由度系统地震动力反应的实时计算方法[J]. 地震工程与工程振动, 23(5): 61——68.

    马强. 2008. 地震预警技术研究与应用[D]. 哈尔滨: 中国地震局工程力学研究所: 124——134.

    张红才, 金星, 李军, 韦永祥, 马强. 2012. 地震预警震级计算方法研究综述[J]. 地球物理学进展, 27(2): 464——474.

    Allen R M, Kanamori H. 2003. The potential for earthquake early warning in southern California[J]. Science, 300: 786——789.

    Allen R M, Brown H, Hellweg M, Kireev A, Neuhauser D. 2007. Real——time test of the ElarmS earthquake early warning methodology[J]. J Geophys Res, 112(B08311), doi:10.1029/2008GL036366.

    Ellsworth W L, Beroza G C. 1995. Seismic evidence for an earthquake nucleation phase[J]. Science, 268: 851——855.

    Ellsworth W L, Heaton T. 1994. Real——time analysis of earthquakes: early——warning systems and rapid damage assessment[J]. Sensors, (April): 27——33.

    Erdik M, Fahjan Y, Ozel O, Alcik H, Mert A, Gul M. 2003. Istanbul earthquake rapid response and the early warning system[J]. Bull Earthq Eng, 1(1): 157——163.

    Hsiao N C, Wu Y M, Shin T C, Li Z, Teng T L. 2009. Development of an earthquake early warning system in Taiwan[J]. Geophys Res Lett, 36: L00B02, doi:10.1029/2008 GL036596.

    Iannaccone G, Zollo A, Elia L. 2010. A prototype system for earthquake early——warning and alert management in southern Italy[J]. Bull Earthq Eng. 8(5):1105——1129.

    Iglesias A, Singh S K, Santoyo M A, Pacheco J, Ordaz M. 2007. The seismic alert system for Mexico City: an evaluation of its performance and a strategy for its improvement[J]. Bull Seism Soc Amer, 97(5): 1718——1729.

    Iio Y. 1992. Slow initial phase of the P——wave velocity pulse generated by micro——earthquakes[J]. Geophys Res Lett, 19(5): 477——80.

    Iio Y. 1995. Observations of the slow initial phase generated by micro——earthquakes: implications for earthquake nucleation and propagation[J]. J Geophys Res, 100(B8): 15333——15349.

    Kamigaichi O, Saito M, Doi K, Matsumori T, Tsukada S, Takeda K, Shimoyama T, Nakamura K, Kiyomoto M, Watanabe Y. 2009. Earthquake early warning in Japan: warning the general public and future prospects[J]. Seism Res Lett, 80(5): 717——726.

    Kanamori H, Hauksson E, Heaton T. 1997. Real——time seismology and earthquake hazard mitigation[J]. Nature, 390: 461——464.

    Kanamori H. 2005. Real——time seismology and earthquake damage mitigation[J]. Annu Rev Earth Pl Sci, 33: 195——214.

    Kilb D, Gomberg J. 1999. The initial subevent of the 1994 Northridge, California, earthquake: Is earthquake size predictable?[J]. J Seismol, 3(4): 409——420.

    Lancieri M, Zollo A. 2008. A Bayesian approach to the real——time estimation of magnitude from the early P and S wave displacement peaks[J]. J Geophys Res, 113: B12302, doi:10.1029/2007 JB005386.

    Mori J, Kanamori H. 1996. Rupture initiations of microearthquakes in the 1995 Ridgecrest, California, sequence[J]. Geophys Res Lett, 23: 2437——2440.

    Murphy S, Nielsen S. 2009. Estimating earthquake magnitude with early arrivals: A test using dynamic and kinematic models[J]. Bull Seism Soc Amer, 99(1): 1——23.

    Nakamura Y. 1988. On the urgent earthquake detection and alarm system (UrEDAS)[C]∥Proceedings of Ninth World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, 7: 673——678.

    Nakatani M, Kaneshima S, Fukao Y. 2000. Size dependent microearthquake initiation inferred from high——gain and low——noise observations at Nikko district, Japan[J]. J Geophys Res, 105(B12): 28095——28109.

    Olson E L, Allen R M. 2005. The deterministic nature of earthquake rupture[J]. Nature, 438: 212——215.

    Rydelek P, Horiuchi S. 2006. Is earthquake rupture deterministic?[J]. Nature, 442: E5——E6, doi:10.1038/nature04963.

    Umeda Y. 1990. High——amplitude seismic waves radiated from the bright spot of an earthquake[J]. Tectonophysics, 175(1——3): 81——92.

    Umeda Y. 1992. The bright spot of an earthquake[J]. Tectonophysics, 211(1——4): 13——22.

    Wolfe C J. 2006. On the properties of predominant——period estimators for earthquake early warning[J]. Bull Seism Soc Amer, 96(5): 1961——1965.

    Wu Y M, Kanamori H. 2005. Experiment on an onsite early warning method for the Taiwan early warning system[J]. Bull Seism Soc Amer, 95(1): 347——353.

    Wu Y M, Li Z. 2006. Magnitude estimation using the first three seconds P——wave amplitude in earthquake early warning[J]. Geophys Res Lett, 33: L16312, doi:10.1029/2006GL026871.

    Wu Y M, Kanamori H, Richard M A, Hauksson E. 2007. Determination of earthquake early warning parameters, τc and Pd, for southern California[J]. Geophys J Int, 170: 711——717.

    Wu Y M, Kanamori H. 2008. Development of an earthquake early warning system using real——time strong motion signals[J]. Sensors, 8(1): 1——9.

    Zollo A, Lancieri M, Nielsen S. 2006. Earthquake magnitude estimation from peak amplitudes of very early seismic signals on strong motion records[J]. Geophys Res Lett, 33: L23312, dio:10.1029/2006GL027795.

    金星, 马强, 李山有. 2003. 四种计算地震反应数值方法的比较研究[J]. 地震工程与工程振动, 23(1): 18——30.

    马强, 金星, 李山有. 2003. 单自由度系统地震动力反应的实时计算方法[J]. 地震工程与工程振动, 23(5): 61——68.

    马强. 2008. 地震预警技术研究与应用[D]. 哈尔滨: 中国地震局工程力学研究所: 124——134.

    张红才, 金星, 李军, 韦永祥, 马强. 2012. 地震预警震级计算方法研究综述[J]. 地球物理学进展, 27(2): 464——474.

    Allen R M, Kanamori H. 2003. The potential for earthquake early warning in southern California[J]. Science, 300: 786——789.

    Allen R M, Brown H, Hellweg M, Kireev A, Neuhauser D. 2007. Real——time test of the ElarmS earthquake early warning methodology[J]. J Geophys Res, 112(B08311), doi:10.1029/2008GL036366.

    Ellsworth W L, Beroza G C. 1995. Seismic evidence for an earthquake nucleation phase[J]. Science, 268: 851——855.

    Ellsworth W L, Heaton T. 1994. Real——time analysis of earthquakes: early——warning systems and rapid damage assessment[J]. Sensors, (April): 27——33.

    Erdik M, Fahjan Y, Ozel O, Alcik H, Mert A, Gul M. 2003. Istanbul earthquake rapid response and the early warning system[J]. Bull Earthq Eng, 1(1): 157——163.

    Hsiao N C, Wu Y M, Shin T C, Li Z, Teng T L. 2009. Development of an earthquake early warning system in Taiwan[J]. Geophys Res Lett, 36: L00B02, doi:10.1029/2008 GL036596.

    Iannaccone G, Zollo A, Elia L. 2010. A prototype system for earthquake early——warning and alert management in southern Italy[J]. Bull Earthq Eng. 8(5):1105——1129.

    Iglesias A, Singh S K, Santoyo M A, Pacheco J, Ordaz M. 2007. The seismic alert system for Mexico City: an evaluation of its performance and a strategy for its improvement[J]. Bull Seism Soc Amer, 97(5): 1718——1729.

    Iio Y. 1992. Slow initial phase of the P——wave velocity pulse generated by micro——earthquakes[J]. Geophys Res Lett, 19(5): 477——80.

    Iio Y. 1995. Observations of the slow initial phase generated by micro——earthquakes: implications for earthquake nucleation and propagation[J]. J Geophys Res, 100(B8): 15333——15349.

    Kamigaichi O, Saito M, Doi K, Matsumori T, Tsukada S, Takeda K, Shimoyama T, Nakamura K, Kiyomoto M, Watanabe Y. 2009. Earthquake early warning in Japan: warning the general public and future prospects[J]. Seism Res Lett, 80(5): 717——726.

    Kanamori H, Hauksson E, Heaton T. 1997. Real——time seismology and earthquake hazard mitigation[J]. Nature, 390: 461——464.

    Kanamori H. 2005. Real——time seismology and earthquake damage mitigation[J]. Annu Rev Earth Pl Sci, 33: 195——214.

    Kilb D, Gomberg J. 1999. The initial subevent of the 1994 Northridge, California, earthquake: Is earthquake size predictable?[J]. J Seismol, 3(4): 409——420.

    Lancieri M, Zollo A. 2008. A Bayesian approach to the real——time estimation of magnitude from the early P and S wave displacement peaks[J]. J Geophys Res, 113: B12302, doi:10.1029/2007 JB005386.

    Mori J, Kanamori H. 1996. Rupture initiations of microearthquakes in the 1995 Ridgecrest, California, sequence[J]. Geophys Res Lett, 23: 2437——2440.

    Murphy S, Nielsen S. 2009. Estimating earthquake magnitude with early arrivals: A test using dynamic and kinematic models[J]. Bull Seism Soc Amer, 99(1): 1——23.

    Nakamura Y. 1988. On the urgent earthquake detection and alarm system (UrEDAS)[C]∥Proceedings of Ninth World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, 7: 673——678.

    Nakatani M, Kaneshima S, Fukao Y. 2000. Size dependent microearthquake initiation inferred from high——gain and low——noise observations at Nikko district, Japan[J]. J Geophys Res, 105(B12): 28095——28109.

    Olson E L, Allen R M. 2005. The deterministic nature of earthquake rupture[J]. Nature, 438: 212——215.

    Rydelek P, Horiuchi S. 2006. Is earthquake rupture deterministic?[J]. Nature, 442: E5——E6, doi:10.1038/nature04963.

    Umeda Y. 1990. High——amplitude seismic waves radiated from the bright spot of an earthquake[J]. Tectonophysics, 175(1——3): 81——92.

    Umeda Y. 1992. The bright spot of an earthquake[J]. Tectonophysics, 211(1——4): 13——22.

    Wolfe C J. 2006. On the properties of predominant——period estimators for earthquake early warning[J]. Bull Seism Soc Amer, 96(5): 1961——1965.

    Wu Y M, Kanamori H. 2005. Experiment on an onsite early warning method for the Taiwan early warning system[J]. Bull Seism Soc Amer, 95(1): 347——353.

    Wu Y M, Li Z. 2006. Magnitude estimation using the first three seconds P——wave amplitude in earthquake early warning[J]. Geophys Res Lett, 33: L16312, doi:10.1029/2006GL026871.

    Wu Y M, Kanamori H, Richard M A, Hauksson E. 2007. Determination of earthquake early warning parameters, τc and Pd, for southern California[J]. Geophys J Int, 170: 711——717.

    Wu Y M, Kanamori H. 2008. Development of an earthquake early warning system using real——time strong motion signals[J]. Sensors, 8(1): 1——9.

    Zollo A, Lancieri M, Nielsen S. 2006. Earthquake magnitude estimation from peak amplitudes of very early seismic signals on strong motion records[J]. Geophys Res Lett, 33: L23312, dio:10.1029/2006GL027795.

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